Use of Adobe in Cyprus

What is adobe brick brick brick brick brick?Production, Application & A Features adobe is a composite piddleion pierce made with tinkers damn and drinking straws. essential spousal relationship of water supply is added to squaty and straws which is convention ally crushed and squezed by pes, to exit the stuffs devising mud. In s freshly parts, bemusepings is use alternatively of straws. Straws be employ to commence to the bricks together. It likewise allow the bricks to juiceless either bit. Some experiments show that utilizing straws in adobe brick bricks make them more immune for cleft fields. slime is generally utilize to avoid insects.The salmagundi is so casted into woodlandy frames ( commonly 30cm x 45cmx 6cm ) .It is compressed within the wooden frames to close protrude the spreads, doing it obese and strong. Excess clay is glanced bump off the frames to do a direct show for the bricks. woodwinden frames argon removed and adobe brick s argon left to dry in a level surface, nether the cheer for a hardly a(prenominal) yearss.It is a cheap and easy to do stuff which was wide utilise all a bombastic the creative activity extensively in Egypt, Sudan, Middle tocopherol and Asia Minor. As it is an reality stuff, it is suited for semi-arid climes where summers ar zesty and dry and winters c mature and wet. It has a spirited thermal mass which is be as the ability of the stuff to suckle heat. It helps to stabilise the within temperature of the edifices.Main rude(a) stuffs of adobe offer easy be found topical anestheticly. stigma types and colorss depends on the neighbourhood and that is the chief ground to see distinct coloured adobe edifices in varied countries.Load bearing walls made from adobe bricks be usually 45-50cm broad. Minimal width should non be less than 30 centimeter. adobe walls carry their ain weight into foundations so there is no demand for otherwise sturctures to transport the burd en of the walls. Normally, 80-100 centimeter high rock walls argon built as a base for the adobe walls to foresee the affect of land humidness on adobe bricks.As there ar non any other retraceions to transport the adobe walls, land is dug for the termss. The blockheadedness of the excavated demesne depends on the local features of the land and the hoarfrost degree of the grime. The misguided apparatus of the foundations ability do clefts on the walls.Courses of adobe bricks argon lined horizantally and binded together with clay howitzer to organize the adobe walls. stiff daub which is a breathable stuff that tin can permit the wet of the adobe walls to vaporize is used to stick on the first hit the sack of the adobe walls. Fine grained straws argon added where straw fibres increase adhering and to obtain a facile surface. Mud plaster is a persistent stuff only the concluding ending of the wall is made by stick oning calcium hydrated oxide based spread which is a water-repellent stuff to cling to the structural feature of the adobe.As it is an earth stuff, one-year fix is recommended. Worn surfaces are re entrap by clay howitzer and unwavering once more. This procedure is normally carried out during fall.In adobe houses, the breadth of the edifices do no transcend 4m ( 13ft ) by and large. The infinites are nighly rectangular and in any(prenominal) instances they might be square shaped. It is recommended to construct maximal twain floors with adobe.Ceiling beams which were normally wood, are located parallel to the minuscule side of the rectangle with 30-40cm intervals. For these beams, cypress tree was normally used in Cyprus. Bushes or reeds were situated supra the beams or in some instances reeds in the signifier of mats might be used if available. On top of this bed, 20-25 centimeter midst clay is casted and compressed by a rock enfolder. This type of capitals make one-year fix, which normally carried out in fall. If the ro of is build with a incline, tiles are used to cover the clay bed. This exit cut down the scratch of the clay and reduces the demand for care.Use of Adobe in CyprusAdobe is a common edifice stuff in Cyprus from early seasons. twist stuffs might originate in divergent parts, such as Kyrenia and Paphos ( which are coastal parts of the island ) rock was used to construct shelters. In the fields and foothills, adobe was widely used. The usage of the stuffs depended on the regional handiness and climatic factors.As adobe is an insulating stuff, intensity of the houses were build utilizing adobe. Mesaoria vale which is located amongst Kyrenia Mountains in the North and Trodos Mountains in the souwest of the island, is an aluvial field where most of the adobe edifices can be seen. Reports on dirt studies in Cyprus shows that there are chiefly two types of dirt in the island. whiz is deep soils which can be found in fields and 2nd one is shallow soils which can be found in mount ain and semi mountain countries. plenteous soil consequences show that % 60 of the dirt in fields is clay. Large sum of the field lands is calcareus with Ca carbonate center up to % 40-60. basswood play off is a sedimentary stone which includes high degrees of Ca carbonate. Limestone is processed in different phases to use up forrard calcium hydroxide.Including insularity characteristics of adobe, suited ingredients can be found locally around the island which are dirt with high clay content, and limestone to bring forth calcium hydroxide. Adobe bricks are dried nether Sun where limestone and roof tiles are baked in local furnaces by utilizing wood or fuel. This makes adobe a sustainable and natural stuff. Limestone was besides used to construct patio walls.capital of Cyprus is located in the Mesaoria vale where adobe edifices can widely be seen. subsequently the declaration of independency of the island in 1960, cover edifices started to lift over the island. Nowadays, itsy- bitsy sums of ball edifices are built around Cyprus.Cyprus is hot and dry during summer where the demand for spread is extremely demanded inside the edifices. Privacy was an of deduction factor on determining the traditional house design of Cyprus where Windowss were built above eye degree to maintain the privateness. Windows on adobe walls were made by ranking wooden headers on top of the gaps to back up the bricks above.Terra rossa dirt is present in some countries of Mesaoria field which is a ruddy brownness dirt. Colour of adobe bricks might change in different parts of the island. splitter walls inside the edifices were normally built with light timber-framing filled with rubble or plaster. As adobe is a heavy stuff, it was used to construct the foreign walls merely.Testing adobe takes from the Davies HouseI scratched a real small sum of adobe from the external wall of the Davies House. It was easy crumbled into little pieces chiefly because of the low strenght of the wall. My chief aim to hear these haves is to happen out and specify the ingredients of the adobe used in this peculiar edifice. My purpose was besides to happen out the age of the stuff if possible.First phase in the research lab was to look at the hears under a microscope. A little sum from the take was taken and placed on a faux pas. blur and straw atoms were crownly seen but it was voiceless to place the stuffs clearly. As they were assorted and largely binded with each other, I need to disassociate the ingredients.The manner of dividing the composite stuff is to blend the coveted sum of sample with weewee and leave it for one twenty-four hours. By this manner, dense and heavy stuffs which are dirt atoms in this instance will drop where the light stuffs will drift on the liquid which are the straws that has lower parsimoniousness than pee which makes them float.One-half of the adobe sample is grained by utilizing a cock. A all right grained pulverization was obtained . 5gr of the pulverization was heavy by a sensitive weightiness graduate table. It was put inside a glass beaker and 200ml of distilled water supply added to the sample. The mixture was ruttish manually for a few proceedingss and so placed on the drawing cardic stirrer hot home office. The characteristic of this hot plate is that it has a attractive featureic field and if a magnet is placed inside the solution, the magnet will do a round spin and stir it. A magnet was put inside the solution and left to stir and heat for about 15 proceedingss. I used a thermometer to quantify the temperature of the solution and around 42 , close the hot plate. By stirring and warming, I achieved a well-mixed solution. After a few proceedingss, I covered the beaker with a level glass dish and go forth it for a dark.Through research I found out that calcium hydroxide was used to stick on the adobe walls. There are some case on the walls of the Davies House but to turn out that, I used hydro chloric acid. Lime is a stuff that contains calcium carbonate. The reaction of hydrochloric acid or any sharp with Ca carbonate will gibe up with bring forthing C dioxide which can be seen by bare oculus as air bubbles.In modulate to turn out that calcium hydroxide was used in Davies House, I put a small sum of adobe pulverization in a campaign tubing. Couple of beads of hydrochloric acid is suitable to see the air bubbles. As a consequence, reaction of the acid with the adobe sample is positive which proves that calcium hydroxide was used in this edifice. It besides raises another inquiry that if the type of dirt in Mesaoria contains % 40-60 Ca carbonate, does the reaction with the acid is because of the type of dirt used in adobe bricks?The mixture was left for a dark. Dense and heavy and indis disintegrable stuffs sink at the ass of the beaker, where light 1s float on the H2O. water supply is non clear which can be delimitate that some of the dirt was dissolved in H2O. A leach paper was placed inside a funnel and an renounce glass beaker was placed below. In stage to roll up the natation stuffs, I poured the H2O into the funnel easy without up labeling the can. It was elusive to roll up all of the drifting stuff so I used a metal spatula to roll up the staying from the mixture. The H2O was percolateed from the funnel, go forthing the straw atoms on the filter paper. Straws were collected from the filter paper and was put together with the 1s that were collected manually inside a porcelain crucible. I left them dry in the get on temperature for 15 proceedingss and set them in the oven for 35-40 proceedingss. They were dried wholly and plant to burden.I changed the filter paper and poured the staying H2O into the funnel. Some of the indissoluble stuffs remained at the underside of the beaker so I collected them by the aid of the metal spatula and set at heart another porcelain crucible. Water was filtered afterwards 2 hours from the funnel and I collected the stuffs from the filter paper and put them inside the crucible. selfsame(prenominal) procedure was made to dry the stuffs. I let them dry in room temperature for a piece and set them in oven for 40-45 proceedingss.ConsequencesI weighted the obtained stuffs individually by utilizing a reasonable weight graduated table. water-insoluble Materials ( dirt, pebbles ) 4.56gr ( Wa? )Floating Materials ( straws ) 0.06gr ( Wa )Exact sum of the whole sample was 5.04 gr. The expression below will dampen the per centums of the stuffs in the sample.Wa impart tip x 100 = % ..Wa? Total Weight x 100 = % ..Insoluble Materials ( dirt, pebbles ) % 90.48Floating Materials ( straws ) % 1.19As the H2O was non clear after go forthing the solution for a dark, it is defined that there are soluble stuffs in the mixture. So if soluble stuffs are Wa? Wa? + Wa + Wa? = 5.04 grWa? = 0.42grWa? = % 8.33Experiment shows that most of the adobe stuff is dirt. Straws were used to recoil up t he binding of the bricks. The sum of straws in 5gr is 0.06gr which is really few. As the edifice is old and ignored, straw atoms might hold been disapeared or decayed within the dirt through clip.Original ingredients of the adobe is soil, straws and H2O. In consecrate to turn out that the uninvolved stuffs from my sample is straws, they need to be identified under a microscope. They are most believably straws but there is a orifice that they might be timber.Timber and wooden stuffs are identified under a microscope by looking at the layout of the cells. Wood are chiefly classified in two groups which are soft and difficult forests but the layout of their cells are similar. If horizantal beams of cells are seen under a microscope, it is a wooden construction.following measure of placing the straw atoms will be to look under a microscope after cutting really thin subdivisions of the pieces. One manner of thinking the age of the wood is to place the fungus formations within the st uff. The dimensions of the fungus might acknowledgement to its age. This can be done by utilizing a microscope but merely if the detached atoms are timber/wood but non straw.FiguresStraws under the microscopeDirt atoms under microscopeBibliographyHadjiparaskevas C. territory study in Cyprus. In Zdruli P. ( ed. ) , Steduto P. ( ed. ) , Lacirignola C. ( ed. ) , Montanarella L. ( ed. ) . Soil resources of Southern and Eastern Mediterranean states. Bari CIHEAM,2001. p. 101-110 ( Options Mediterraneennes Serie B. Etudes et Recherches n. 34 ) hypertext transfer protocol //www.lime.org/lime_basics/index.aspOliver, P. ( 2006 ) . 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